Kidney-Urinary Support 60’s
R235.00 Incl. VAT
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Description
Directions for Use
Ingredients
Warning
Technical Info
Herbal supplement supporting kidney and urinary tract health, healthy urinary flow, mineral balance, urinary comfort and antioxidant protection.
Supporting:
- Normal kidney and urinary tract function
- Healthy urinary flow and natural elimination
- Healthy urinary mineral and crystal balance
- Urinary tract comfort and inflammatory balance
- Antioxidant protection of kidney and urinary tissues
- Healthy connective tissue and structural integrity of the urinary system
Adults:
2x capsules 3x daily
with meals.
Ingredients as traditionally used for this supplement.
Bearberry
Bedstraw
Buchu
Cornsilk
Dandelion
Golden rod
Horsetail
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine
Tribulus Terrestres
Vit C, E, B6
Zinc
Other African Herbs
Bearberry: Traditionally used to help maintain bladder and urinary tract health. It supports a healthy urinary environment, normal urinary comfort and the body’s natural protective mechanisms, particularly when urinary tissues are under stress.
Bedstraw: Encourages healthy fluid movement and urinary elimination, helping the body naturally clear excess fluid and metabolic waste. Its traditional urinary and lymphatic uses also complement the natural flushing processes of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Buchu: A traditional South African urinary herb valued for kidney, bladder and urinary tract support. It promotes healthy urinary flow, helps maintain urinary comfort and contributes to the body’s natural defence and inflammatory balance within urinary tissues.
Cornsilk: Provides gentle, soothing support to the bladder and urinary tract while encouraging healthy urine flow. It helps maintain urinary tissue comfort and supports the natural flushing of concentrated minerals, sediment and other urinary waste.
Dandelion: Encourages normal urine production and healthy fluid balance, assisting the kidneys with their normal filtration and elimination functions. Increased urinary movement also helps maintain a healthy concentration and balance of substances normally excreted in the urine.
Golden Rod: Traditionally associated with urinary flushing, urinary comfort and healthy kidney and bladder function. It promotes normal urinary flow while supporting a balanced inflammatory response and the natural elimination of urinary sediment and mineral waste.
Horsetail: Encourages healthy urinary flow and natural flushing of the urinary system. Its mineral and silica content also contributes to connective-tissue integrity, while its traditional use makes it particularly relevant to maintaining healthy urinary tissues and mineral balance.
N-Acetyl L-Cysteine: Helps maintain glutathione, one of the body’s major antioxidant defence systems. This protects kidney and urinary cells against oxidative stress, an important consideration in maintaining healthy renal tissues and the normal environment in which urinary minerals are processed.
Tribulus Terrestris: Traditionally valued for kidney and urinary tract health and normal urinary flow. It also supports healthy urinary mineral balance and the body’s natural mechanisms involved in controlling crystal formation and maintaining normal passage of urinary material.
Vitamin C: Essential for collagen formation, antioxidant protection and normal immune function. It helps maintain the strength and integrity of blood vessels and connective tissues throughout the kidneys and urinary tract while supporting normal tissue recovery and resilience.
Vitamin E: Provides antioxidant protection to kidney and urinary cells and helps maintain healthy cell membranes. Its antioxidant role is particularly relevant where oxidative stress accompanies normal mineral and crystal processes within the urinary system.
Vitamin B6: Plays an important role in normal oxalate metabolism. By supporting the body’s normal processing of oxalate, it contributes to healthy urinary mineral balance and the metabolic processes that influence calcium oxalate crystal formation.
Zinc: Contributes to immune defence, tissue renewal and antioxidant protection. It helps maintain healthy urinary mucosal and connective tissues and supports normal inflammatory balance and the natural protective functions of the urinary tract.
Adults only. Not suitable during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Consult a healthcare professional if you have impaired kidney function.
Protect from sunlight.
Store below 25°c.
KIDNEY & URINARY SUPPORT
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Introduction
The kidneys and urinary tract form an integrated filtration, fluid-regulating and elimination system. The kidneys continuously filter the blood, regulate water and mineral balance and remove metabolic waste, while the ureters, bladder and urethra transport, store and eliminate urine.
Healthy urinary function depends on several processes working together, including normal kidney filtration, adequate urinary flow, balanced urine chemistry, healthy urinary tissues, effective bladder emptying and the body’s natural protective mechanisms.
Anatomy of the Kidney & Urinary System
| Structure | Main Function |
|---|---|
| Kidneys | Filter the blood, remove metabolic waste and excess water, regulate minerals and acid-base balance and produce urine. |
| Nephrons | Microscopic functional units within the kidneys where filtration and urine processing take place. |
| Glomeruli | Tiny networks of blood vessels within the nephrons where the initial filtration of blood occurs. |
| Renal Tubules | Reabsorb water, minerals and other substances the body needs while regulating what remains in the urine. |
| Renal Pelvis | Collects urine within the kidney before it enters the ureter. |
| Ureters | Muscular tubes that move urine from the kidneys to the bladder. |
| Bladder | Stores urine until it is ready to be eliminated. |
| Urothelium | The specialised protective lining of the urinary collecting system, ureters and bladder that separates urine from deeper tissues. |
| Urethra | Carries urine from the bladder out of the body. |
| Prostate – Men | Surrounds part of the urethra below the bladder and can therefore influence urinary flow and bladder emptying. |
How Normal Kidney & Urinary Function Works
Blood entering the kidneys passes through the glomeruli, where water and many dissolved substances are filtered. This filtered fluid then moves through the renal tubules.
The renal tubules selectively return substances the body still needs, including water and minerals, to the bloodstream. At the same time, metabolic waste, excess minerals, acids and an appropriate amount of water remain behind to form urine.
The kidneys therefore perform two closely connected functions: filtering the blood and carefully controlling the composition of the urine. This contributes to normal fluid balance, mineral balance and acid-base regulation.
Once urine has been formed, it collects within the kidneys and enters the ureters. Coordinated muscular contractions move the urine down the ureters and into the bladder.
The bladder gradually expands as it fills. When urination occurs, the bladder muscle contracts while the urinary sphincters relax, allowing urine to leave through the urethra.
Normal urinary function therefore depends on:
- Effective filtration by the kidneys
- Appropriate water and mineral regulation
- Normal urine production
- Unrestricted movement through the ureters
- Healthy bladder storage and contraction
- Normal urinary outlet function
- Healthy urinary lining and connective tissues
- Effective elimination of urine
Common Kidney & Urinary Disorders
Different urinary disorders affect different parts of the system and may have very different causes. Symptoms can overlap, so the underlying cause cannot always be determined from symptoms alone.
| Disorder | What Happens |
|---|---|
| Kidney Stones | Minerals and other substances in urine crystallise and may grow or combine to form stones within the kidneys or urinary tract. |
| Urinary Crystals or Gravel | Small mineral crystals or particles form within the urine and may remain microscopic or pass through the urinary tract. |
| Bladder Infection / Lower UTI | Micro-organisms, most commonly bacteria, enter and multiply within the lower urinary tract, usually affecting the bladder and urethra. |
| Kidney Infection | Infection reaches one or both kidneys, often after travelling upwards from the bladder. |
| Urinary Irritation or Inflammation | The protective urinary lining and surrounding tissues become irritated or inflamed, which may contribute to discomfort, urgency or frequency. |
| Reduced Urinary Flow | Normal urine movement may be affected by bladder function, smooth-muscle function, physical obstruction or prostate-related factors. |
| Incomplete Bladder Emptying | Some urine remains in the bladder after urination because the bladder does not empty completely or resistance at the urinary outlet is increased. |
| Reduced Kidney Function | The kidneys become less effective at filtering the blood or regulating fluid, electrolytes, acids and metabolic waste. |
Kidney Stones & Urinary Crystals
Kidney stones develop when substances that are normally dissolved in urine become concentrated enough to form crystals.
Stone formation is not caused by one factor alone. Urine volume, calcium, oxalate, uric acid, citrate, urine pH, diet, metabolism and individual susceptibility can all influence whether crystals remain dissolved, are naturally flushed out or begin to grow.
Small crystals may pass through the urinary system without causing noticeable symptoms. Others may remain within the kidney, combine with additional crystals or gradually enlarge into a stone.
How Kidney Stones Develop
| Stage | What Happens |
|---|---|
| Urine becomes concentrated | There is less water available to keep urinary minerals and metabolic substances diluted. |
| Supersaturation develops | One or more substances reach concentrations where they are more likely to come out of solution. |
| Crystals form | Microscopic mineral crystals begin to develop within the urine. |
| Crystals grow | Additional mineral can accumulate on an existing crystal. |
| Crystals aggregate | Smaller crystals may join together to form larger particles. |
| Retention or passage occurs | Crystals may be flushed out naturally or remain within the kidney or urinary tract. |
| Stone formation | Continued growth or aggregation may result in a larger, solid urinary stone. |
| Movement into the ureter | A stone leaving the kidney may enter the ureter, where its passage can cause considerable discomfort and may interfere with urine flow. |
Adequate urine volume is an important part of normal urinary mineral balance because more dilute urine reduces the concentration of substances capable of crystallising.
Main Types of Kidney Stones
Different stones form from different substances and under different urinary conditions.
| Stone Type | Main Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Calcium Oxalate | The most common type. Formation is influenced by urinary calcium, oxalate, citrate, urine concentration and other metabolic factors. |
| Calcium Phosphate | Forms when calcium combines with phosphate and is influenced by urinary pH and mineral balance. |
| Uric Acid | More likely to form when urine is persistently acidic and uric acid concentrations are increased. |
| Struvite | Associated with certain urinary infections and may sometimes grow rapidly. |
| Cystine | Associated with cystinuria, an inherited condition that causes excessive cystine to enter the urine. |
Because the different stone types form through different mechanisms, dietary and medical approaches may also differ.
Factors That Influence Stone & Crystal Formation
| Factor | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Low Urine Volume | Allows minerals and metabolic substances to become more concentrated. |
| Inadequate Fluid Intake | Can contribute to concentrated urine and reduced natural urinary flushing. |
| Urinary Calcium | Higher urinary calcium can increase the availability of calcium for calcium-containing crystals. |
| Urinary Oxalate | Oxalate can combine with calcium to form calcium oxalate crystals. |
| Urinary Citrate | Citrate binds calcium and helps keep calcium dissolved in the urine, making it one of the body’s natural inhibitors of calcium crystal formation. |
| Urine pH | Different levels of urinary acidity or alkalinity favour different types of crystals. |
| High Sodium Intake | Can increase urinary calcium excretion in susceptible individuals. |
| Dietary Oxalate | Can influence the amount of oxalate absorbed and ultimately eliminated through the kidneys. |
| Animal Protein Intake | Excessive intake may influence urinary acidity, uric acid and mineral balance in susceptible individuals. |
| Metabolism | The body’s own production and handling of oxalate, uric acid and minerals influences the final composition of urine. |
| Previous Stones | A previous history of stone formation increases the likelihood of recurrence. |
| Genetic Factors | Some inherited conditions or tendencies increase susceptibility to particular stone types. |
Dietary calcium should not automatically be severely restricted in people susceptible to calcium oxalate stones. Calcium consumed with food can bind oxalate in the digestive tract, reducing the amount of oxalate available for absorption.
Why Urinary Citrate Is Important
Citrate is naturally present in urine and plays an important protective role in urinary mineral balance.
It can bind to calcium, reducing the amount of free calcium available to participate in crystal formation. Citrate can also interfere with the growth and aggregation of certain calcium-containing crystals.
Low urinary citrate may therefore create conditions that are more favourable to calcium stone formation.
Why Oxalate Is Important
Oxalate is a natural metabolic substance that comes partly from food and partly from processes within the body.
After absorption or production, oxalate is ultimately eliminated through the kidneys. In urine, oxalate can bind with calcium and contribute to calcium oxalate crystal formation.
Normal oxalate metabolism, adequate hydration and appropriate urinary mineral balance therefore all influence the environment in which calcium oxalate crystals may form.
Urinary Tract & Bladder Infections
A lower urinary tract infection usually develops when bacteria enter through the urethra and multiply within the bladder.
Normal urine flow helps wash the urinary tract, but some bacteria are able to attach to the bladder lining and resist being flushed away. The body then responds with immune and inflammatory activity, which can contribute to burning, urgency, frequency and discomfort.
Women are generally more susceptible to bladder infections because the female urethra is shorter, allowing bacteria a shorter distance to travel to the bladder.
Lower UTI Compared With Kidney Infection
| Lower Urinary Tract Involvement | Kidney Involvement |
|---|---|
| Main area affected | Bladder and/or urethra |
| Urinary frequency | Common |
| Urgency | Common |
| Burning or discomfort | Common |
| Lower abdominal discomfort | May occur |
| Flank or back pain | Less typical |
| Fever or chills | Usually absent in uncomplicated lower UTI |
| Nausea or vomiting | Uncommon |
| General illness | Often mild |
A kidney infection is more serious because infection has reached kidney tissue. Fever, chills, flank pain, nausea or vomiting together with urinary symptoms should therefore be medically assessed.
Urinary Irritation & Inflammation
The bladder, ureters and parts of the kidney collecting system are lined by specialised protective tissue known as the urothelium.
This lining acts as a barrier between urine and the deeper tissues underneath it. Although urine is a normal body fluid, it contains concentrated minerals, acids and metabolic waste that can irritate tissues if the protective barrier becomes compromised.
Urinary irritation may be associated with:
| Factor | How It Can Affect Urinary Tissues |
|---|---|
| Concentrated urine | Places greater chemical stress on sensitive urinary tissues. |
| Crystals or sediment | May physically irritate the urinary lining during passage. |
| Urinary stones | Can cause local pressure, friction and inflammation. |
| Microbial activity | Can stimulate immune and inflammatory responses. |
| Incomplete bladder emptying | Allows urine to remain in the bladder for longer periods. |
| Abnormal bladder activity | Can contribute to urgency, frequency and tissue sensitivity. |
| Oxidative stress | May place additional stress on kidney and urinary cells. |
A healthy urinary system therefore depends not only on urinary flow, but also on maintaining the integrity of the urinary lining and a balanced inflammatory response.
Urinary Flow & Bladder Emptying
Normal urinary flow depends on several structures working together.
The kidneys must produce urine, the ureters must transport it to the bladder, the bladder must store it and contract effectively, and the urinary outlet must allow urine to leave with appropriate resistance.
Factors That Can Influence Urinary Flow
| Factor | Effect on Urinary Function |
|---|---|
| Low urine production | Reduces the amount of urine entering the urinary tract. |
| Ureteric obstruction | Can interfere with urine movement from a kidney to the bladder. |
| Bladder muscle weakness | May reduce the ability of the bladder to empty completely. |
| Bladder overactivity | Can contribute to urgency and frequent urination. |
| Urinary outlet resistance | Makes it more difficult for urine to leave the bladder. |
| Prostate changes in men | Can narrow the urethral passage through the prostate. |
| Urinary stones | May interfere with flow depending on their size and location. |
| Neurological factors | Can alter bladder contraction and sphincter control. |
The Prostate & Male Urinary Flow
In men, the prostate sits directly below the bladder and surrounds the first part of the urethra.
Because urine must pass through this section of the urethra, changes in prostate size or tissue tone can influence urinary flow. Increased resistance at the bladder outlet may cause the bladder to work harder to empty.
Possible symptoms can include:
- Difficulty starting urination
- Reduced urinary stream
- Interrupted urine flow
- Increased frequency
- Night-time urination
- A feeling that the bladder has not emptied completely
These symptoms can have several causes and should not automatically be assumed to result from prostate enlargement.
Common Signs & Symptoms
Symptoms often overlap between different kidney, bladder and urinary conditions. The presence of a symptom does not by itself identify the underlying cause.
| Symptom | Possible Area Involved |
|---|---|
| Frequent urination | Bladder irritation, increased urine production or altered bladder activity |
| Urgency | Increased bladder sensitivity or urinary irritation |
| Burning during urination | Urethral or bladder irritation |
| Lower abdominal discomfort | Bladder or lower urinary tract |
| Back or flank discomfort | Kidneys or ureters |
| Pain moving towards the groin | May occur when material moves through a ureter |
| Cloudy urine | Changes in urine concentration, sediment or microbial activity |
| Strong-smelling urine | Concentrated urine, diet or microbial changes |
| Blood in the urine | Can occur with stones, infection or other urinary conditions and requires assessment |
| Weak urinary stream | Increased resistance at the bladder outlet |
| Difficulty starting urination | Bladder outlet, prostate or neurological factors |
| Incomplete bladder emptying | Bladder muscle or outlet function |
| Reduced urine output | May relate to hydration, obstruction, kidney function or other causes |
Why Hydration Matters
Water has a direct influence on the concentration of urine.
When fluid intake is low, urine becomes more concentrated. Minerals, metabolic waste and other substances are then present in a smaller volume of water.
Maintaining appropriate hydration helps:
- Maintain normal urine volume
- Dilute urinary minerals and waste products
- Encourage normal urinary movement
- Support the body’s natural flushing processes
- Reduce excessive concentration of substances within the urine
- Maintain comfortable urinary function
People with impaired kidney function, heart conditions or medically prescribed fluid restrictions should follow professional guidance regarding fluid intake.
Maintaining Healthy Kidney & Urinary Function
Healthy kidney and urinary function depends on several physiological processes working together. Supporting one area alone, such as urinary flow, does not address the full urinary system.
| Support Area | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Healthy Kidney Filtration | Allows normal removal of metabolic waste while helping regulate water, minerals and acid-base balance. |
| Normal Urinary Flow | Helps urine move efficiently from the kidneys through the ureters, bladder and urethra. |
| Healthy Urinary Mineral Balance | Helps maintain minerals and metabolic substances in an appropriate dissolved state within the urine. |
| Normal Oxalate Metabolism | Influences the amount of oxalate ultimately excreted through the kidneys. |
| Adequate Urine Volume | Helps dilute urinary minerals and waste products and supports normal flushing. |
| Healthy Urothelial Tissues | Maintains the protective barrier lining the bladder, ureters and urinary collecting system. |
| Balanced Inflammatory Response | Helps maintain normal urinary tissue comfort and function. |
| Antioxidant Protection | Helps protect metabolically active kidney and urinary cells against oxidative stress. |
| Healthy Connective Tissue | Provides structural support to renal blood vessels, ureters, bladder and surrounding urinary tissues. |
| Normal Immune Function | Contributes to the body’s natural defence mechanisms within the urinary system. |
| Effective Bladder Emptying | Helps prevent excessive residual urine and maintains normal urinary movement. |
| Healthy Male Urinary Outlet Function | Normal prostate and bladder-outlet function are important for urinary flow in men. |
Urinary Mineral Balance
Urine naturally contains minerals and metabolic substances that need to remain dissolved until they are eliminated.
Whether crystals form depends on the balance between:
- Urine volume
- Calcium concentration
- Oxalate concentration
- Uric acid
- Citrate
- Urine pH
- Other promoters and inhibitors of crystallisation
A healthy urinary environment therefore involves both adequate dilution and appropriate mineral balance.
Normal Oxalate Metabolism
Oxalate is produced naturally within the body and may also come from food.
After absorption or internal production, oxalate is eventually eliminated through the kidneys. If urinary oxalate becomes elevated, it has a greater opportunity to combine with calcium.
Normal metabolism of oxalate is therefore one part of maintaining healthy urinary mineral balance.
Antioxidant Protection of Kidney Tissues
The kidneys receive a large blood supply and continuously perform energy-intensive filtration and transport functions.
Renal tubular cells are particularly metabolically active because they repeatedly move water, minerals and other substances between the developing urine and bloodstream.
Normal metabolism produces reactive oxygen species. The body therefore relies on antioxidant systems to help protect kidney and urinary cells from excessive oxidative stress.
Healthy antioxidant defence contributes to:
- Cellular membrane protection
- Normal renal cell function
- Tissue resilience
- Healthy inflammatory balance
- Protection of normal urinary tissues during everyday metabolic activity
Connective Tissue & Structural Support
Connective tissue is present throughout the urinary system.
Collagen and related structural proteins help maintain the integrity of:
- Renal blood vessels
- Supporting tissues within the kidneys
- Ureter walls
- Bladder wall
- Urinary sphincters
- Supporting tissues surrounding the urinary organs
Healthy connective tissue is therefore relevant not only to the structure of the urinary organs but also to the blood vessels supplying the kidneys.
Natural Urinary Defence Mechanisms
The urinary system has several natural protective mechanisms.
Normal urine flow provides physical flushing, while the urothelium forms a protective barrier between urine and deeper tissues.
Immune cells, urinary chemistry and normal bladder emptying also contribute to maintaining a healthy urinary environment.
These mechanisms work together rather than functioning independently.
Lifestyle Factors That Influence Kidney & Urinary Health
| Lifestyle Factor | Practical Importance |
|---|---|
| Adequate Hydration | Helps maintain urine volume and prevents excessive concentration of urinary substances. |
| Avoiding Prolonged Dehydration | Reduces periods of highly concentrated urine. |
| Moderate Sodium Intake | Helps maintain healthy fluid and urinary calcium balance. |
| Balanced Calcium Intake | Normal dietary calcium contributes to mineral balance and can bind dietary oxalate within the digestive tract. |
| Appropriate Oxalate Intake | May be particularly relevant in people known to form calcium oxalate stones. |
| Balanced Protein Intake | Excessive animal protein may influence urinary acidity and uric acid in susceptible individuals. |
| Regular Bladder Emptying | Helps maintain normal urinary movement and limits prolonged urine retention. |
| Healthy Metabolic Function | Metabolism influences uric acid, oxalate and other substances eliminated through the kidneys. |
| Maintaining a Healthy Body Weight | Metabolic health and urinary stone risk can be linked. |
| Knowing the Stone Type | Recurrent stones should ideally be identified because different stone types require different approaches. |
When Medical Assessment Is Important
Some urinary symptoms require medical investigation rather than self-management.
| Seek Medical Assessment Where There Is | Why It Matters |
|---|---|
| Severe or persistent flank, back or abdominal pain | May indicate a stone, obstruction or another urinary condition requiring investigation. |
| Visible blood in the urine | Can have several causes and should be medically assessed. |
| Fever or chills with urinary symptoms | May indicate infection involving the kidneys. |
| Nausea or vomiting with flank pain or fever | Can occur with significant urinary obstruction or kidney infection. |
| Inability to pass urine | Urinary retention or obstruction may require urgent treatment. |
| Markedly reduced urine output | May be associated with dehydration, obstruction, impaired kidney function or another significant condition. |
| Persistent or recurrent urinary symptoms | The underlying cause should be identified. |
| Severe pain associated with a suspected stone | The size, position and effect on urinary drainage may require assessment. |
| Known impaired kidney function | Fluid, mineral, medicine and supplement requirements may need individual professional guidance. |
A urinary stone that blocks urine flow, or an infection that has reached the kidneys, can become serious and requires appropriate medical assessment.
Technical Information Notice
This information is provided for general educational purposes to explain normal kidney and urinary anatomy, physiology, common urinary disorders and the factors that influence urinary health.
It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent disease and does not replace appropriate medical assessment or treatment.
INGREDIENTS TRADITIONALLY USED FOR THIS DISORDER
- Bearberry: Naturally rich in arbutin, the constituent most associated with its traditional urinary use. Bearberry helps support bladder and urinary tract health, normal urinary comfort and a healthy urinary environment.
- Buchu: Diosphenol and related natural compounds contribute to Buchu’s traditional urinary properties. This well-known South African herb supports healthy urinary flow, bladder comfort and the body’s normal protective functions within the urinary tract.
- Cornsilk: Its flavonoids contribute to urinary support, while natural mucilage provides soothing properties. Cornsilk helps maintain comfortable urinary tissues, normal urine flow and the body’s natural flushing and elimination processes.
- Dandelion: Flavonoids and phenolic compounds contribute to its traditional urinary and antioxidant actions. Dandelion encourages normal urine production and fluid balance, helping maintain healthy kidney and urinary elimination functions.
- Golden Rod: Leiocarposide, flavonoids and saponins contribute to Golden Rod’s urinary and inflammatory-modulating properties. It supports normal urinary flow and natural flushing while helping maintain urinary tissue comfort and a balanced inflammatory response.
- Horsetail: Flavonoids contribute to its urinary-flow properties, while its naturally occurring silica is associated with connective-tissue structure. Horsetail supports normal urinary elimination together with the strength and integrity of urinary tissues.
- N-Acetyl L-Cysteine: NAC provides cysteine used by the body to produce glutathione, an important intracellular antioxidant. It supports the body’s natural antioxidant defences and helps maintain healthy kidney and urinary cells during everyday oxidative stress.
- Tribulus Terrestris: Steroidal saponins and flavonoids are among the constituents associated with its urinary properties. Tribulus traditionally supports kidney and urinary tract health and healthy urinary flow, while also contributing to normal urinary mineral and crystal balance.
- Vitamin C: Ascorbic acid is essential for normal collagen formation and also functions as an antioxidant. It supports healthy connective tissues and blood vessels throughout the urinary system while contributing to immune function and normal tissue maintenance.
- Vitamin E: Alpha-tocopherol activity provides antioxidant protection to cell membranes. Vitamin E helps maintain healthy kidney and urinary tissues by supporting normal cellular protection against oxidative stress.
- Vitamin B6: Its active coenzyme form, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate, participates in normal glyoxylate metabolism. This makes Vitamin B6 relevant to normal oxalate metabolism and the maintenance of healthy urinary mineral balance.
- Zinc: Elemental zinc is involved in normal immune function, antioxidant enzymes, protein synthesis and tissue maintenance. It helps support healthy mucosal surfaces and connective tissues and the normal protective functions of the urinary tract.
plus:
- Other African Herbs
