Insomnia 120’s

Practitioner’s Technical Info for both Tinctures & Capsules

Description

This insomnia capsule combines sedative herbs, amino acids, adaptogens, minerals, and vitamins to promote rapid sleep onset, deepen sleep phases, and restore circadian balance. The formulation supports the central nervous system, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, neurotransmitter pathways, and peripheral mechanisms such as vascular tone and muscle relaxation. The synergy is designed not only to induce sleep but to address chronic insomnia by stabilizing neuroendocrine function, lowering nighttime arousal, and improving brain–body recovery.

HERBS – Sleep Stage Roles

• Ashwagandha (withanolides): Reduces cortisol and sympathetic activity → helps stress-driven insomnia and smoother entry into Stage 1 sleep.
• Valerian (valerenic acid): Direct GABA_A receptor modulation → fast sleep onset, deep slow-wave reinforcement.
• Passionflower (apigenin, chrysin): Benzodiazepine receptor binding → promotes relaxation and REM stability.
• Gotu Kola (asiaticoside): Supports Stage 2 by reducing anxiety and stabilizing hippocampal circuits.
• Lion’s Mane (erinacines/hericenones): Encourages nerve growth factor release → deeper Stage 3 and memory integration.
• Reishi (triterpenes, polysaccharides): Autonomic regulation and immune-calming effect → consolidates deep Stage 4 sleep and REM.
• Crampbark (viburnin): Relieves muscle spasms → prevents pain-driven awakenings across all stages.
• White Willow (salicin): Anti-inflammatory prostaglandin inhibition → reduces headaches and body pain at night.
• Feverfew (parthenolide): Migraine and vascular pain reduction → supports unbroken sleep cycles.

AMINO ACIDS – Sleep Stage Roles

•  GABA (neurotransmitter): Immediate inhibitory signaling → rapid transition into Stage 1 onset.
• L-Theanine (theanine): Increases alpha brain waves, reduces stress reactivity → balances Stage 1 to Stage 2 transition.
• L-Tryptophan (serotonin/melatonin precursor): Serotonin → melatonin pathway → circadian rhythm alignment, REM reinforcement.
• Glycine (neurotransmitter & thermoregulation): Lowers core body temperature, increases slow-wave sleep density in Stage 3.
• Taurine (sulfonic acid): GABA_A and glycine receptor agonist → broad inhibitory stabilizer across Stage 2, Stage 3, and REM.

VITAMINS & MINERALS – Sleep Stage Roles

•  Magnesium Bisglycinate (Mg²⁺): Cofactor for GABA and serotonin → enhances inhibitory tone, reduces nocturnal awakenings, deepens Stage 3.
• Zinc (Zn²⁺): Regulates NMDA/GABA balance → supports melatonin signaling, stabilizes REM duration.
• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine): Essential for serotonin/melatonin synthesis → supports Stage 1 onset and REM consolidation.
• Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol → calcitriol): Regulates circadian rhythm via hypothalamus → balances sleep/wake timing.
• Vitamin C (ascorbic acid): Cortisol modulation, antioxidant protection → prevents stress-induced sleep disruption.
• Vitamin E (tocopherol): Neuroprotection during REM → reduces oxidative stress that fragments sleep.
• Selenium (selenoproteins): Antioxidant enzyme activation → protects neural tissue, stabilizes deep Stage 3 sleep.

BALANCE OVERVIEW

• Stage 1 (Onset): Dominated by Valerian, Passionflower, Ashwagandha + GABA, L-Theanine, B6. (Herbs + amino acids lead here).
• Stage 2 (Light Non-REM): Stabilized by Gotu Kola, Glycine, Magnesium, Taurine. (Amino acids + minerals dominate).
• Stage 3 (Deep Sleep): Reinforced by Valerian, Lion’s Mane, Magnesium, Glycine, Taurine. (Balanced between herbs & amino acids).
• Stage 4 (Consolidated Deep Sleep): Extended by Reishi, Taurine, Magnesium. (Heavier amino acid/mineral support).
• REM Sleep (Dreams): Driven by Tryptophan → melatonin, Passionflower, Zinc, D3. (Amino acids + vitamins dominate).
• Pain Control Across All Stages: Crampbark, Willow, Feverfew (herbs provide unique support here).

✅ Interpretation:

• Our capsule is front-loaded with herbal sedatives (Valerian, Passionflower, Ashwagandha) for onset.
• Amino acids (GABA, L-Theanine, Tryptophan, Taurine, Glycine) dominate the middle and deep stages, ensuring depth and continuity.
• Vitamins/minerals fine-tune REM and circadian regulation, preventing fragmented or shallow cycles.
• The pain herbs ensure that physical discomfort does not break the cycles.

Relative Weight Contribution in our capsule

     1. HERBS – Contribution 

• Ashwagandha, Valerian, Passionflower are your heavy hitters. Together they dominate onset (Stage 1) and deep sleep (Stage 3).
• Gotu Kola + Lion’s Mane + Reishi add stabilization, nervous system repair, and memory integration.
• Crampbark, Feverfew, White Willow ensure pain doesn’t break sleep cycles.
  ➡️ Herbs = ~40% of sleep power, mainly for quick sedation + holistic nervous system calming.

2. AMINO ACIDS – Contribution 

• GABA + L-Theanine = immediate sedation and anxiety control.
• L-Tryptophan = circadian + REM regulation.
• Taurine + Glycine = muscle relaxation, temperature regulation, and deep sleep consolidation.
  ➡️ Amino acids = ~45% of sleep power, carrying the middle and deep stages (Stage 2, Stage 3, REM).

3. VITAMINS & MINERALS – Contribution 

• Magnesium Bisglycinate = essential deep sleep cofactor.
• Zinc + B6 = melatonin pathway reinforcement.
• D3 = circadian alignment.
• Vitamin C, E, Selenium = oxidative stress protection → less night waking.
  ➡️ Vitamins/minerals = ~15% of sleep power, acting as regulators and stabilizers rather than primary sedatives.

Category Balance

• Herbs (40%) → Fast sleep onset & nervous system quieting.
• Amino Acids (45%) → Deep sleep density & continuity.
• Vitamins/Minerals (15%) → Long-term regulation & circadian balance.

✅ Conclusion:

Our formula is amino-acid dominant, making it best for long-term sleep depth and continuity. The amino acids carry the middle and deep stages of sleep, ensuring cycles are strong and restorative. Herbs are still critical for falling asleep quickly, as they provide rapid calming and sedation; without them, people may take longer to drift off. Vitamins and minerals are not major sedatives, but they optimize the environment for the herbs and amino acids to work consistently over weeks, helping circadian rhythm, neurotransmitter synthesis, and stress resistance.

When used together with our Insomnia Tincture, the capsule covers the structural foundation of sleep (deep stages, REM regulation, circadian balance), while the tincture accelerates sleep onset through faster-acting liquid absorption of herbal sedatives like Valerian, Passionflower, Lemon Balm, and Hops. This combination allows users to fall asleep more quickly while maintaining proper depth and stability throughout the night, offering both immediate relief and long-term correction of insomnia patterns.

Dosage:

Children under 12 years 

• Valerian root: Studied in children as young as 6, but doses are typically small (teas, glycerites). In capsules with concentrated extracts + aminos, risk of morning sedation is higher.
• Passionflower: Safe from 6+ in liquid or tea, but less studied in capsule blends.
• Ashwagandha, Gotu Kola, Mushrooms: Used traditionally with children, but long-term safety data in concentrated capsule form is limited.
• White Willow, Feverfew: Not recommended under 12 (risk of Reye’s syndrome with salicin, and mucosal irritation with feverfew).

👉 Because of the combined herbs plus high-dose amino acids/minerals, capsules are not suitable for children under 12. The tincture is safer since you can scale drop-by-drop.

Children 12–16 years

• At this age, the nervous system and liver metabolism are close to adults. Many studies of Valerian, Passionflower, Ashwagandha, and L-Theanine include adolescents.
• Magnesium, Zinc, Vitamin B6, Vitamin D3, Taurine, Glycine are all essential nutrients or naturally occurring amino acids, and safe within adult ranges.
• Tryptophan: Safe in adolescents in appropriate dosages; it is widely used in clinical settings for sleep.
• Herbs like Reishi, Lion’s Mane, Gotu Kola: Food-grade safety, no contraindications from 12+ in normal doses.

👉 Children 12–16 years may use the capsule, but at a lower dose: 1–2 capsules in the evening before bed, depending on body weight and sensitivity.

Adults (16/18+ years) 

• Full dose 2–4 capsules is appropriate.

Do they need to take the capsule with meals?

Here’s how it works with our capsule blend:

• Amino acids (GABA, L-theanine, glycine, tryptophan, taurine): Absorb best on an empty stomach or away from heavy protein meals, since amino acids compete for transporters. Taking them with meals can blunt the sleep effect.
• Herbs (Valerian, Passionflower, Ashwagandha, etc.): These can be taken with or without food, but some (Valerian, Passionflower) are slightly better absorbed if the stomach isn’t heavy with food.
• Minerals (Magnesium, Zinc, Selenium): Often recommended with food to avoid stomach upset. However, in your formula the doses per capsule are moderate and usually well tolerated even without meals.

✅ Best compromise for our formula:

Take capsules 30–60 minutes before bedtime, on an empty stomach or after only a light snack (not directly with a full meal). This ensures the amino acids and herbs can act quickly, while the mineral doses remain gentle enough not to irritate the stomach.

What is Insomnia?

Insomnia

 Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing non-restorative sleep despite having the opportunity to sleep. It can lead to various symptoms, including fatigue, mood disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and impaired daytime functioning. Insomnia can be a short-term or chronic condition and may be influenced by a variety of factors, including stress, lifestyle, medical conditions, and certain medications.

Chemicals Involved

Several chemicals and neurotransmitters play a role in regulating sleep-wake cycles and influencing insomnia. One key neurotransmitter involved in sleep is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

• GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid): GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It has calming effects and is involved in reducing neuronal excitability. GABAergic activity helps promote sleep and relaxation. Drugs that enhance GABAergic activity, such as benzodiazepines and certain sleep medications, are sometimes prescribed to address insomnia.
• Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle, helping signal to the body that it is time to sleep. Melatonin supplements are commonly used to address insomnia and jet lag by helping to reset the body’s internal clock.
• Serotonin: Serotonin, another neurotransmitter, is involved in mood regulation and can also impact sleep. It is a precursor to melatonin, and its levels can influence the sleep-wake cycle. Some medications that affect serotonin levels, such as certain antidepressants, may have an impact on sleep patterns.
• Cortisol: Cortisol is a hormone released by the adrenal glands in response to stress. Elevated levels of cortisol, particularly during the evening when they should naturally decrease, can interfere with the ability to fall asleep. Chronic stress and disruptions in the normal circadian rhythm can contribute to increased cortisol levels, potentially leading to insomnia.

The intricate interplay of these chemicals and hormones in the brain and body contributes to the regulation of sleep. Imbalances or disruptions in these systems can lead to sleep disturbances, including insomnia. Treatment approaches for insomnia may involve addressing underlying causes, making lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, using medications that target neurotransmitters involved in sleep regulation.

Symptoms of Insomnia

Insomnia is characterized by difficulties in initiating or maintaining sleep, and it can lead to various symptoms that affect both nighttime sleep and daytime functioning. The severity and duration of symptoms can vary. Common symptoms of insomnia include:

• Difficulty Falling Asleep (Sleep Onset Insomnia): Individuals with this type of insomnia have trouble initiating sleep, often spending a prolonged time lying in bed before falling asleep.
• Difficulty Staying Asleep (Sleep Maintenance Insomnia): Sleep maintenance insomnia involves waking up during the night and having difficulty returning to sleep. This can result in fragmented and non-restorative sleep.
• Early Morning Awakening: Insomnia may cause individuals to wake up too early in the morning and find it challenging to go back to sleep, even if they have not had sufficient rest.
• Non-Restorative Sleep: Despite spending an adequate amount of time in bed, individuals with insomnia may wake up feeling unrefreshed and tired, leading to daytime fatigue.
• Daytime Sleepiness: Chronic sleep deprivation due to insomnia can result in excessive daytime sleepiness, affecting alertness, concentration, and overall cognitive function.
• Irritability and Mood Disturbances: Insomnia is often associated with irritability, mood swings, and increased susceptibility to stress. Persistent sleep disturbances can contribute to the development or exacerbation of mood disorders.
• Difficulty Concentrating and Impaired Memory: Sleep plays a crucial role in cognitive function, including concentration and memory. Insomnia can lead to difficulties in focusing, remembering details, and performing tasks that require sustained attention.
• Increased Anxiety about Sleep: Individuals with insomnia may develop anxiety and stress related to their sleep difficulties. This anxiety can further exacerbate sleep problems, creating a cycle of sleep disruption.
• Tension Headaches: Some individuals with insomnia may experience tension headaches, possibly related to stress and muscle tension associated with difficulty falling or staying asleep.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Insomnia has been associated with gastrointestinal issues, including indigestion, acid reflux, and other digestive disturbances.

It’s important to note that insomnia is a symptom itself and can be a secondary symptom of other underlying conditions, such as anxiety, depression, or medical issues. If someone is experiencing persistent insomnia or if the symptoms significantly impact their quality of life, it is advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation and appropriate management.

The role of the Pineal Gland in Insomnia

The pineal gland, a small, pinecone-shaped gland located in the brain, plays a crucial role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle through its production of the hormone melatonin. Melatonin is often referred to as the “sleep hormone” because its release is closely tied to the circadian rhythm, helping signal the body that it is time to sleep. The pineal gland and melatonin production are implicated in the development and management of insomnia in the following ways:

Circadian Rhythm Regulation:

• The pineal gland is sensitive to light and darkness. In the absence of light (especially during the evening and night), the pineal gland is stimulated to release melatonin.
• Melatonin production is part of the body’s natural circadian rhythm, promoting feelings of sleepiness and preparing the body for rest.

Melatonin’s Role in Sleep Initiation:

• Melatonin helps facilitate the onset of sleep by promoting relaxation and reducing alertness. It acts on receptors in the brain that are involved in the sleep-wake cycle.

Insomnia and Melatonin Disruption:

• Disruptions in the natural production of melatonin can contribute to insomnia. For example, exposure to artificial light, particularly blue light from electronic devices, in the evening can suppress melatonin release and interfere with the ability to fall asleep.

Use of Melatonin Supplements for Insomnia:

• Melatonin supplements are sometimes used to manage insomnia. These supplements can be particularly helpful for individuals with circadian rhythm disorders, shift work sleep disorder, or jet lag.
• However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplements can vary, and they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

Age-Related Changes:

• The pineal gland’s function and melatonin production can be influenced by age. Melatonin levels tend to decrease as people age, which may contribute to sleep difficulties, especially in older adults.

It’s important to note that while melatonin and the pineal gland are crucial for the regulation of sleep, insomnia is a multifaceted condition with various contributing factors. Other neurotransmitters and hormones, such as serotonin and cortisol, also play roles in sleep regulation and can impact insomnia. Additionally, psychological factors, lifestyle choices, and underlying medical conditions can contribute to the development and persistence of insomnia.

Preventing Insomnia

• Maintain a Consistent Sleep Schedule: Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day to regulate your body’s internal clock.
• Establish a Calming Pre-Sleep Routine: Create a routine involving activities like reading, listening to soothing music, or practicing relaxation techniques to signal to your body that it’s time to wind down.
• Create a Comfortable Sleep Environment: Ensure your bedroom is conducive to sleep with a comfortable mattress and pillows. Create a cool, dark, and quiet sleep environment.
• Limit Exposure to Screens Before Bed: Reduce exposure to electronic devices with screens (phones, tablets, computers) at least an hour before bedtime to avoid disrupting melatonin production.
• Be Mindful of Food and Drink: Avoid heavy meals, caffeine, and nicotine close to bedtime, as these substances can interfere with sleep.
• Exercise Regularly: Engage in regular physical activity, but complete your workout a few hours before bedtime to prevent disruptions to sleep.
• Manage Stress and Anxiety: Practice stress-reducing techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to address factors contributing to insomnia.
• Limit Naps: Keep daytime naps short (20-30 minutes) and avoid napping late in the afternoon.
• Limit Liquid Intake Before Bed: Reduce the consumption of liquids, especially caffeine and alcohol, in the hours leading up to bedtime to minimize disruptions from bathroom trips.
• Evaluate Your Sleep Environment: Ensure your bedroom is comfortable, quiet, and dark. Consider using blackout curtains and earplugs if necessary.
• Seek Professional Help if Needed: If persistent insomnia is a concern, consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and personalized guidance.
• Limit Clock-Watching: Avoid continuously checking the clock during the night, as it can create anxiety about sleep. Turn your clock away or place it out of sight.

Remember that individual responses to sleep habits can vary, and it’s essential to find a combination of strategies that work for you. If persistent insomnia is a concern, consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance.

Ingredients which are traditionally used for this disorder
Technical info:

Active Compounds 

Ashwagandha: The withanolides in Ashwagandha reduce cortisol release from the adrenal glands, lowering HPA axis hyperactivity that often keeps the mind alert at night. By enhancing GABAergic signaling in the hypothalamus and amygdala, Ashwagandha supports transition into stage 1 non-REM sleep, particularly useful for stress-induced insomnia where sympathetic tone is elevated.

Crampbark: Viburnin glycosides and coumarins in Crampbark act on calcium ion channels in smooth and skeletal muscle, reducing nocturnal spasms and musculoskeletal tension. By calming peripheral discomfort, it indirectly improves stage 2 sleep continuity and reduces awakenings caused by pain or restless muscle contractions.

Feverfew: Sesquiterpene lactones such as parthenolide modulate serotonin release and prostaglandin activity in cranial vessels, reducing vascular headaches and migraines that interfere with falling asleep. Its effect is most relevant to sleep initiation, helping prevent pain-related arousal during early non-REM stages.

Gotu Kola: Triterpenoids including asiaticoside and madecassoside enhance GABA receptor activity and improve cerebral microcirculation. This improves stability of stage 2 non-REM sleep and supports hippocampal signaling, reducing nocturnal anxiety-driven wakefulness.

Lion’s Mane Mushroom: Erinacines and hericenones stimulate nerve growth factor (NGF), enhancing hippocampal plasticity and circadian signaling between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and pineal gland. This improves melatonin release and consolidation of stage 3 deep non-REM sleep, vital for restoration in chronic insomnia.

Passionflower: Flavonoids such as apigenin and vitexin bind to GABA_A receptors, prolonging inhibitory currents in cortical and thalamic neurons. This facilitates the onset of sleep, shortens sleep latency, and deepens stage 2 and stage 3 non-REM sleep, particularly effective in anxiety-driven insomnia.

Reishi Mushroom: Triterpenes and polysaccharides in Reishi regulate autonomic balance by enhancing vagal tone. By reducing sympathetic nervous system dominance, it stabilizes heart rate variability and improves REM sleep regulation, supporting the emotional processing function of REM cycles.

Valerian Root: Valerenic acid and valepotriates directly bind to GABA_A receptors and inhibit GABA breakdown, producing benzodiazepine-like effects. Valerian accelerates sleep onset (stage 1), deepens slow-wave sleep (stage 3), and lengthens overall non-REM phases. It is the primary fast-acting sedative element in the formula.

White Willow Bark: Salicin and related salicylates inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce pain signaling in the spinal cord. By lowering peripheral pain, White Willow supports uninterrupted deep non-REM sleep, especially for those with inflammatory pain that causes multiple night awakenings.

Amino Acids & Neurotransmitter Precursors

Glycine: Functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and preoptic hypothalamus. By lowering core body temperature via vasodilation, glycine induces natural sleepiness and supports deeper stage 3 non-REM sleep consolidation.

GABA: As the brain’s chief inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA supplementation strengthens inhibitory tone in cortical and limbic structures. This accelerates transition from wakefulness to stage 1 sleep and reduces cortical hyperarousal, central to many cases of sleep-onset insomnia.

L-Theanine: Promotes alpha brainwave activity through modulation of glutamate and dopamine, creating a state of relaxed wakefulness before sleep. It improves transition into stage 1 non-REM sleep while enhancing serotonin and GABA availability, which benefits sleep maintenance and quality.

L-Tryptophan: Precursor to serotonin and melatonin, tryptophan is essential for circadian regulation. Adequate levels ensure pineal melatonin synthesis, which initiates sleep onset and maintains REM cycles. It is particularly effective in restoring circadian-driven insomnia.

Taurine: Acts as a partial agonist at GABA_A and glycine receptors, stabilizing neuronal excitability. Taurine reduces nocturnal cardiac palpitations and calms the central nervous system, improving continuity across all sleep stages, particularly stage 2 and stage 3 non-REM.

Minerals

 Magnesium Bisglycinate: Enhances GABA_A receptor binding and NMDA receptor modulation in the hypothalamus and cortex. Magnesium deficiency leads to fragmented sleep and restless legs. Adequate levels deepen stage 3 slow-wave sleep and improve overall sleep efficiency.

Zinc Bisglycinate: Modulates NMDA receptors and supports melatonin synthesis. Zinc improves REM sleep duration and circadian rhythm stability, ensuring balanced progression through sleep cycles.

Selenium AAC: Functions as a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, protecting neurons in sleep-regulating centers from oxidative stress. Selenium indirectly supports circadian regulation by balancing thyroid hormone metabolism, contributing to improved REM–non-REM cycling.

Vitamins

 Vitamin B6: Cofactor in serotonin and melatonin synthesis pathways, converting tryptophan into these key neurotransmitters. Adequate B6 supports both sleep initiation and maintenance of REM sleep quality.

Vitamin C: Regulates adrenal catecholamine release, lowering nighttime adrenaline surges that delay sleep onset. Its antioxidant effect protects neurons in sleep-regulating brain regions.

Vitamin D3: Regulates circadian signaling through receptors in the hypothalamus and pineal gland. D3 deficiency is strongly linked with poor sleep efficiency and shortened REM phases.

Vitamin E: Antioxidant protection of neuronal membranes and mitochondrial function. By reducing oxidative stress in hippocampal and hypothalamic regions, Vitamin E supports long-term sleep architecture stability.