Skin Cansa Cream 500ml

What Is Skin Cancer?

Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the skin, caused by mutations in the DNA of skin cells. These mutations lead to cell proliferation and survival beyond their normal lifecycle, bypassing regulatory mechanisms. Skin cancer typically develops in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, where it can be detected early due to visible changes.

Why do we need a skin cancer cream with all these ingredients?

A skin cancer cream containing these ingredients is essential because it combines natural compounds that support the body’s ability to combat and repair skin damage caused by UV exposure, oxidative stress, and inflammation—key contributors to skin cancer development. Each ingredient provides specific benefits, such as reducing inflammation, promoting cellular repair, enhancing immune responses, and protecting against further DNA damage.

This multi-faceted approach:

Targets Multiple Skin Cancer Types: The cream addresses basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma by reducing tumor progression, inducing apoptosis in abnormal cells, and supporting natural immune defenses.

• Repairs and Regenerates Skin: Ingredients like aloe, rosehip oil, and horsetail herb promote collagen synthesis and dermal repair, essential for healing damaged or precancerous skin.
• Prevents Progression: Anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g., boswellic acids, curcumin, and chamazulene) mitigate chronic inflammation, a driving force in cancer progression.
• Provides Antioxidant Protection: Powerful antioxidants, such as vitamin E, resveratrol, and EGCG, neutralize free radicals that cause DNA mutations and cellular aging, protecting keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
• Enhances Immune Modulation: Ingredients like Cancerbush
  By combining these scientifically-backed ingredients, the cream delivers a holistic solution that not only supports skin health but also complements medical treatments for skin cancer. It empowers the body to heal, regenerate, and defend itself, offering an effective, natural, and multi-pronged approach to skin cancer care and prevention.

Types of Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)
  • Appearance: BCC typically appears as a pearly or waxy bump on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, neck, or shoulders. It may also present as a flat, flesh-coloured lesion or a scar-like area with poorly defined borders. Over time, it may ulcerate or bleed, forming a sore that doesn’t heal.
  • Cause: BCC arises from basal cells in the epidermis, often due to cumulative UV radiation exposure causing DNA damage. Risk factors include fair skin, frequent sunburns, tanning bed use, and a weakened immune system. BCC rarely metastasizes but can cause significant local tissue damage if untreated.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
  • Appearance: SCC often appears as a firm, red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. It may resemble a wart or ulcerate, forming a sore that does not heal. It typically occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, lips, ears, and backs of the hands.
  • Cause: SCC develops from squamous cells in the outer epidermis due to prolonged UV exposure. Chronic inflammation, skin injury (e.g., burns), and exposure to carcinogenic substances (like arsenic) are also contributing factors. Unlike BCC, SCC has a higher risk of metastasizing, particularly if it occurs on the lips or ears.
• Melanoma
  • Appearance: Melanoma can develop anywhere on the skin, often within existing moles. Key features include asymmetry, irregular borders, multiple colours (brown, black, red, white, or blue), a diameter larger than 6 mm, and evolving size, shape, or colour (ABCDE criteria). Melanomas may bleed, itch, or ulcerate in advanced stages.
  • Cause: Melanoma arises from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin, due to UV-induced DNA damage. Genetic predisposition (e.g., mutations in the CDKN2A or BRAF genes), fair skin, frequent tanning, and a history of severe sunburns increase the risk. Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer, with a high potential for metastasis.
• Actinic Keratosis (Pre-cancerous)
  • Appearance: Actinic keratosis appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, hands, or arms. Lesions are often pink, red, or flesh-coloured, and the skin may feel like sandpaper. They may progress to SCC if untreated.
  • Cause: Caused by cumulative UV damage to keratinocytes in the epidermis. Risk factors include chronic sun exposure, fair skin, and a history of tanning. Actinic keratoses are considered a precursor to SCC.
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)
  • Appearance: MCC typically appears as a fast-growing, painless, firm nodule or bump. It is often red, blue, or flesh-coloured and commonly occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the head, neck, and extremities. The lesion may ulcerate or appear dome-shaped.
  • Cause: MCC arises from Merkel cells in the skin, often associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and UV-induced DNA damage. Risk factors include advanced age, fair skin, immunosuppression, and chronic UV exposure. MCC is highly aggressive, with a high potential for local recurrence and metastasis.

Key Differences in Appearance and Progression

Causes Across Skin Cancer Types

• UV Radiation: The primary cause for most skin cancers due to cumulative or severe intermittent sun exposure. UVB rays directly damage DNA, while UVA contributes to deeper oxidative damage.
• Genetic Factors: Family history of melanoma or genetic mutations (e.g., CDKN2A, BRAF, or TP53 genes) increases risk.
• Immunosuppression: Conditions such as HIV/AIDS or immunosuppressive medications post-transplant can elevate the risk of all skin cancers, particularly MCC.
• Carcinogenic Exposures: Chronic exposure to substances like arsenic or industrial chemicals contributes to SCC and BCC.
• Chronic Inflammation: Burns, scars, and long-term non-healing wounds create an environment conducive to SCC development.
• Viruses: MCC is strongly linked to the Merkel cell polyomavirus, while some evidence suggests that HPV may contribute to SCC.

Understanding the appearance and causative factors of each skin cancer type helps in early identification, appropriate prevention strategies, and targeted treatments.

Is it Skin Cancer or something else?

Symptoms of Skin Cancer

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): Pearly or translucent bumps with visible blood vessels, flesh-coloured or pink patches, or scar-like shiny areas; slow-growing lesions that may ulcerate, bleed, or persist without healing; commonly found on sun-exposed areas like the face, ears, and neck.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): Scaly, rough, or crusty patches or lumps, sometimes with a central depression; lesions may grow rapidly, ulcerate, bleed, or become tender and itchy; often occurs on sun-exposed areas such as the scalp, hands, and lips.
• Melanoma: Irregularly shaped mole or pigmented spot with changes in colour, size, or texture, adhering to the ABCDE rule (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolution over time); may itch, bleed, or ulcerate, with potential rapid changes; can appear anywhere on the body, including areas not exposed to the sun.

Symptoms of Other Similar Lesions

• Benign Moles or Skin Lesions: Symmetrical with well-defined borders and uniform colour, usually smaller than 6mm and stable over time; typically painless, non-itchy, and occur anywhere on the skin without significant changes.
• Actinic Keratosis (Precancerous Lesion): Rough, scaly patches that may appear pink, red, or skin-coloured; may feel tender or sore but do not heal completely; commonly found on sun-exposed areas like the scalp, face, and hands.
• Seborrheic Keratosis: Waxy, wart-like growths that look “stuck on” the skin, often brown, tan, or black in colour; usually painless and not itchy, occurring mostly on the trunk, face, or back.

Symptoms of Fungal Infections

• Appearance: Ring-shaped rash with a raised, scaly border (ringworm), red, itchy patches in moist areas (athlete’s foot, jock itch), or white, thickened patches on nails or mucosal surfaces; commonly spread gradually but consistent in appearance.
• Symptoms: Intense itching, burning, scaling, peeling, or cracking skin, with no ulceration or bleeding unless secondarily infected.
• Location: Prefers warm, moist environments like the feet, groin, and under breasts, often spreading in those areas.

Key Differentiating Factors

• Persistence and Healing: Skin cancer lesions do not heal and often worsen, fungal infections improve with antifungal treatments, and benign lesions remain stable without changes.
• Growth and Change: Skin cancer shows rapid changes in size, shape, or colour, fungal infections spread gradually, and benign lesions do not grow significantly.
• Associated Symptoms: Skin cancer may involve bleeding, ulceration, or changes in sensation, fungal infections are associated with intense itching, and benign lesions are typically asymptomatic.

When to See a Doctor: Seek evaluation if a lesion does not heal within 4 weeks, changes rapidly, bleeds, or becomes painful or itchy; or if antifungal treatments are ineffective, as early diagnosis is critical for effective treatment.

Types of Skin Cancers treated by using herbs:

• Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common and least aggressive form of skin cancer, often caused by UV radiation damage. It originates in the basal cells of the epidermis and rarely metastasizes.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): A more aggressive cancer originating in the squamous cells of the epidermis. It can metastasize if untreated, often linked to chronic sun exposure or damage.
• Melanoma: A serious and potentially deadly form of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. It is aggressive, with a high potential for metastasis.
• Actinic Keratosis (Pre-cancerous): Scaly or crusty growths caused by UV damage that can progress to SCC if untreated.
• Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC): A rare but aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer, often associated with the Merkel cell polyomavirus and UV exposure.

Herbs and Their Potential Benefits for Specific Skin Cancers

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC)

• Turmeric: Curcumin inhibits inflammatory pathways like NF-kB and induces apoptosis in basal cells with DNA damage.
• Rosehip: Vitamin C and flavonoids support collagen repair and reduce oxidative stress, stabilizing basal cell DNA.
• Frankincense: Boswellic acids reduce tumor angiogenesis and inhibit the growth of basal cell carcinomas.
• Green Tea: EGCG protects keratinocytes from UV-induced mutations and suppresses tumor growth.
• Myrrh: Sesquiterpenes reduce inflammation and enhance apoptosis in basal cell carcinoma cells.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

• Boswellia: Boswellic acids suppress the inflammatory pathways and promote apoptosis in SCC cells.
• Flaxseed: Lignans and omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and stabilize cellular membranes to prevent SCC progression.
• Rosemary: Carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid inhibit abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, reducing SCC risk.
• Parsley: Apigenin and luteolin inhibit UV-induced DNA damage and SCC growth.
• Reishi Mushrooms: Beta-glucans enhance immune response to eliminate SCC cells and prevent metastasis.

Melanoma

• Graviola Bark: Acetogenins selectively target melanoma cells by inhibiting mitochondrial function.
• Resveratrol: Inhibits angiogenesis in melanoma and protects DNA from oxidative damage.
• Rosemary: Carnosic acid reduces tumor progression by modulating MAPK pathways in melanocytes.
• Turmeric: Curcumin induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and inhibits metastasis.
• Kigelia: Iridoids and naphthoquinones show cytotoxic effects on melanoma cells.
• Lion’s Mane Mushrooms: Beta-glucans enhance immune system activity to target and destroy melanoma cells.

Actinic Keratosis (Pre-cancerous)

• Green Tea: EGCG reverses UV-induced damage in keratinocytes, preventing progression to SCC.
• Neem: Azadirachtin and nimbin enhance immune response and reduce pre-cancerous cell proliferation.
• Rosehip: Promotes repair of damaged keratinocytes through vitamin C and essential fatty acids.
• Horsetail: Silica supports regeneration of damaged tissue and enhances collagen synthesis.
• Chamomile Blue: Bisabolol reduces inflammation and protects against UV-induced oxidative stress.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC)

• Frankincense: Boswellic acids reduce angiogenesis and inflammation associated with MCC.
• Reishi Mushrooms: Enhances immune surveillance and inhibits tumor growth in neuroendocrine cancers.
• Myrrh: Provides antimicrobial support and reduces inflammatory cytokines, which may indirectly benefit MCC treatment.
• Rosemary: Polyphenols protect against cellular oxidative stress and reduce tumor progression.
• Turmeric: Curcumin suppresses neuroendocrine tumor growth by modulating inflammatory pathways.

Summary Chart of Herbs and Skin Cancer Types

This table aligns each herb traditional used for skin cancer, with the specific type(s) of skin cancer it may help treat or prevent, based on its bioactive properties and mechanisms of action.

Oils and Their Effects on Different Types of Skin Cancers

Key Insights

• Antioxidants (e.g., tocopherols, polyphenols) in Almond Sweet Oil, Argan Oil, Cocoa Butter, and Rosehip Oil are critical for preventing DNA damage in basal and squamous cells, reducing the risk of BCC and SCC.
• Anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., ricinoleic acid, lauric acid, ALA) in Castor Oil, Coconut Oil, and Flaxseed Oil help reduce chronic inflammation, a key driver of SCC and actinic keratosis progression.
• Repair-promoting compounds (e.g., retinoic acid, linoleic acid) in Rosehip Oil and Almond Sweet Oil are effective in healing precancerous lesions (actinic keratosis) and preventing melanoma progression.
• Polyphenols (e.g., ferulic acid, catechins) in Argan Oil and Cocoa Butter provide photoprotective effects, crucial for UV-related cancers like BCC and SCC.

This table provides a comprehensive view of how each oil supports prevention and treatment for specific types of skin cancers.

Table: Essential Oils for Skin Cancer

Key Insights:

• Broad-Spectrum Oils: Oils like Chamomile Blue, Frankincense, and Rosemary have mechanisms that address multiple skin cancer types due to their combined anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties.
• Targeted Oils: Specific oils like Clove Bud and Lemongrass are particularly effective against melanoma and SCC due to their ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis.
• Actinic Keratosis Prevention: Oils such as Carrot Seed, Tea Tree, and Palmarosa focus on repair and prevention, reducing the likelihood of progression to SCC.

This table organizes essential oils by their compounds, mechanisms, and effectiveness for specific skin cancer types, allowing for precise application in skincare formulations.

Common Locations of Skin Cancer, Reasons, and Age of Onset

Dangers and Prevention of Skin Cancers

Ingredients which are traditionally used to support Skin Cancer:
Technical info:

 Herbs

African Potato: Contains phytosterols and sterolins, which modulate the immune system by enhancing T-cell activity, aiding in the suppression of abnormal cell proliferation. Phytosterols also exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, which help reduce oxidative stress, a key factor in carcinogenesis. Supports cellular repair and reduces inflammatory cytokine production.

Aniseed: Rich in anethole, a bioactive compound with potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Anethole inhibits inflammatory cytokines, reducing local skin inflammation and oxidative stress, potentially hindering abnormal keratinocyte activity in cancer-prone skin.

Boswellia: Contains boswellic acids, which inhibit the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase, reducing leukotriene synthesis and inflammation. Boswellic acids also exhibit apoptotic effects on abnormal cells, supporting tumor regression and preventing metastasis. Enhances tissue repair and reduces angiogenesis in precancerous skin.

Cancerbush: Contains canavanine, an arginine analog with immunomodulatory properties that enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity. This helps the immune system target and destroy malignant cells. Canavanine also suppresses chronic inflammatory pathways that contribute to skin cancer progression.

Devil’s Claw: Contains harpagoside, which reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators like COX-2 and TNF-alpha, mitigating chronic inflammation and oxidative damage to skin cells. Harpagoside also enhances repair mechanisms by modulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.

Fenugreek Seed: Contains diosgenin, a steroidal saponin with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Diosgenin supports the regulation of inflammatory pathways, reducing oxidative stress in precancerous skin cells. It also enhances fibroblast proliferation and tissue regeneration.

Feverfew: Rich in parthenolide, which inhibits NF-kB activation, a key regulator of inflammatory and cancer-promoting pathways. It reduces oxidative DNA damage and abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, limiting cancer cell growth.

Flaxseed: High in lignans and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which exhibit antioxidant and estrogen-modulating properties. Lignans help in reducing UV-induced damage, a key risk factor for skin cancers. ALA inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and supports the stabilization of cellular membranes.

Graviola Bark: Contains acetogenins, which inhibit mitochondrial complex I in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. Acetogenins selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. They also inhibit ATP production, reducing the energy supply to proliferating cancer cells.

Green Tea: Rich in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol with strong antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. EGCG reduces UV-induced DNA damage, suppresses inflammatory mediators, and inhibits angiogenesis in malignant lesions. It also enhances tumor suppressor gene expression.

Horehound: Contains marrubiin, a diterpenoid lactone with antioxidant and wound-healing properties. Marrubiin scavenges free radicals, reducing cellular oxidative damage in cancer-prone skin. Promotes keratinocyte proliferation and skin barrier repair.

Horsetail Herb: Contains silica, which promotes collagen synthesis and skin regeneration. This aids in the repair of UV-damaged tissues and supports structural integrity of the dermal matrix. Silica also enhances hydration, reducing irritation and inflammation.

Hyssop: Rich in tannins and flavonoids, providing antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. These constituents prevent secondary infections and protect against oxidative stress in damaged skin. Flavonoids also modulate inflammatory responses, reducing tumor-promoting cytokine activity.

Kigelia: Contains naphthoquinones and iridoids with anti-tumor properties. Kigelia extracts have been shown to inhibit melanoma proliferation and promote apoptosis in cancer cells. The iridoids also suppress oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory pathways.

Lady’s Mantle: Contains tannins and flavonoids, which provide astringent, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These properties help tighten skin and reduce local inflammation. The polyphenols in Lady’s Mantle protect DNA from oxidative stress.

Lavender: Contains linalool and linalyl acetate, compounds with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. These constituents soothe irritated skin and reduce microbial load in lesions. Linalool also has cytotoxic effects on abnormal keratinocytes.

Lemongrass: Rich in citral, which exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Citral supports detoxification processes, reducing inflammation in UV-exposed skin. It also helps regulate abnormal keratinocyte proliferation in cancer-prone tissue.

Lion’s Mane Mushrooms: Contains beta-glucans, which enhance macrophage activity and promote immune modulation. These actions support skin repair and inhibit abnormal cell proliferation. Beta-glucans also stimulate natural killer (NK) cells to target tumor cells.

Lungwort: Contains polyphenols and mucilage, which soothe inflamed skin and provide antioxidant protection against free radicals. The mucilage forms a protective barrier over damaged tissue, promoting healing.

Maitake Mushrooms: Rich in beta-glucans, which stimulate immune responses and exhibit anti-tumor properties by enhancing NK cell activity and inhibiting angiogenesis in malignant tissues. Beta-glucans also improve cytokine balance, reducing inflammation.

Mistletoe: Contains viscotoxins and lectins, which exhibit cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and modulate the immune response. These compounds enhance apoptosis in malignant cells and prevent angiogenesis.

Myrrh: Contains sesquiterpenes, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. It reduces chronic inflammation in cancerous lesions and supports tissue repair. Myrrh also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which can suppress tumor progression, particularly in basal cell carcinoma.

Neem Tree Leaves: Contains azadirachtin and nimbin, which exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Neem enhances immune responses against precancerous lesions. Azadirachtin is particularly effective in inhibiting DNA replication in abnormal cells, which is beneficial for squamous cell carcinoma prevention.

Parsley: Contains apigenin and luteolin, flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-cancer properties. These compounds inhibit abnormal cell proliferation and protect against UV-induced DNA damage. Apigenin has shown potential in suppressing melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma growth.

Pomegranate: Rich in ellagic acid and punicalagins, which exhibit potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds suppress tumor angiogenesis and protect keratinocytes from oxidative stress. Ellagic acid promotes apoptosis in melanoma and basal cell carcinoma cells.

Reishi Mushrooms: Contains triterpenoids and beta-glucans, which modulate immune responses and inhibit tumor growth. Reishi extracts enhance macrophage and NK cell activity, which are critical in combating melanoma. Triterpenoids also inhibit the growth of squamous cell carcinomas.

Resveratrol: A polyphenolic compound that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects. Resveratrol protects DNA from oxidative damage and inhibits angiogenesis in melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. It also enhances tumor suppressor proteins, making it effective in all stages of skin cancer progression.

Turmeric: Contains curcumin, which inhibits inflammatory pathways such as NF-kB and COX-2. Curcumin induces apoptosis in cancerous cells and reduces oxidative stress in the epidermis. It is effective against UV-induced skin cancers, including basal and squamous cell carcinomas, as well as melanoma.

Rosehip: Rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, promoting collagen synthesis and antioxidant defense. It supports the repair of UV-damaged skin and helps stabilize keratinocyte DNA, reducing mutagenic changes. Rosehip is particularly beneficial for preventing precancerous changes in basal cell carcinoma.

Rosemary: Contains carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, which have strong anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds reduce oxidative damage and inhibit abnormal cell growth. Rosemary extracts are effective in reducing the progression of squamous cell carcinoma and protecting against UV-induced melanoma.

Shiitake Mushrooms: Contains lentinan, a beta-glucan that boosts immune responses and exhibits anti-tumor effects by enhancing T-cell activity. Lentinan promotes apoptosis in abnormal cells and reduces inflammation. Shiitake mushrooms are effective in combating basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Thyme: Contains thymol, a potent antimicrobial and antioxidant compound. Thymol reduces inflammation and prevents secondary infections in cancerous lesions. It also modulates inflammatory mediators, reducing chronic irritation in basal and squamous cell carcinomas.

Wormwood: Contains artemisinin, which selectively induces apoptosis in malignant cells. Artemisinin supports immune system activity and inhibits angiogenesis, reducing tumor vascularization. It has been studied for its efficacy in treating melanoma and other aggressive skin cancers.

Oils

Almond Sweet Oil: Contains oleic acid (62–86%), linoleic acid (20–30%), vitamin E (tocopherols), phytosterols (beta-sitosterol), and phenolic compounds. Rich in monounsaturated fats, almond oil strengthens the skin’s lipid barrier, reducing transepidermal water loss. The vitamin E content acts as a lipid-soluble antioxidant, scavenging free radicals generated by UV exposure, which contributes to DNA damage and skin carcinogenesis. Reduces oxidative stress in keratinocytes and enhances repair of UV-damaged cells. Linoleic acid promotes anti-inflammatory responses, mitigating chronic inflammation associated with carcinogenesis.

Argan Oil: Contains tocopherols (620 mg/kg), squalene, oleic acid (45–55%), linoleic acid (28–36%), and polyphenols. Antioxidant, photoprotective, and anti-inflammatory. Polyphenols like ferulic acid neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS), while squalene restores epidermal barrier integrity. Protects skin fibroblasts from oxidative damage. Tocopherols inhibit lipid peroxidation, a precursor to mutagenic changes in skin cancer.

Castor Oil: Contains ricinoleic acid (85–95%), undecylenic acid, and small amounts of triglycerides. Ricinoleic acid exerts anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, reducing skin infections and irritation. Undecylenic acid has antifungal properties, preventing secondary infections in ulcerated skin cancers. Reduces prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, dampening chronic inflammation pathways that fuel cancer progression.

Cocoa Butter: Contains stearic acid (34%), palmitic acid (25%), oleic acid (35%), polyphenols (catechins), and vitamin K. Polyphenols provide antioxidant protection against UV-induced ROS. Stearic and oleic acids improve skin elasticity and hydration, supporting healing in cancer-damaged skin. Polyphenols inhibit inflammatory pathways by suppressing cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), reducing tumor-promoting inflammation.

Coconut Oil: Contains medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), predominantly lauric acid (45–50%), capric acid, and caprylic acid. MCTs act as antimicrobial agents, preventing infection in cancerous lesions. Lauric acid reduces cytokine production and inflammation, promoting healing. Reduces inflammatory mediators like IL-1β and TNF-α, both implicated in skin cancer progression. Enhances wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation.

Flaxseed Oil: Contains alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, ~57%), lignans, tocopherols, and phytosterols. ALA provides potent anti-inflammatory effects by downregulating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB). Lignans exhibit estrogen-modulating effects, useful in hormone-responsive skin cancers. ALA inhibits inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes, reducing chronic inflammation in cancer-damaged skin. Lignans scavenge ROS and stabilize cell membranes.

Rosehip Oil: Contains retinoic acid, linoleic acid (44%), linolenic acid (34%), and tocopherols. Retinoic acid accelerates epidermal cell turnover, reducing dysplastic cell accumulation. Essential fatty acids reduce inflammation and promote dermal healing. Inhibits matrix metalloproteinase enzymes (MMP-2 and MMP-9) responsible for tissue degradation in skin cancers. Retinoic acid also promotes differentiation of keratinocytes, preventing neoplastic transformation.

Essential Oils

Aniseed: Contains anethole, a potent compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and estrogenic modulating properties. Anethole reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-kB activation and downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). It also disrupts ROS pathways, which are critical in preventing DNA damage in keratinocytes. Effective for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic keratosis, it supports the suppression of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that lead to tumor formation.

Bergamot: Rich in limonene, linalool, and bergaptene (if unprocessed), this oil offers photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Limonene induces apoptosis in melanoma cells by activating caspase pathways and reducing Bcl-2 expression. Linalool enhances wound healing and reduces chronic irritation. Bergamot can aid in melanoma prevention and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) by mitigating UV-induced oxidative stress.

Chamomile Blue: Contains chamazulene, bisabolol, and flavonoids (e.g., apigenin). Chamazulene inhibits COX-2 and LOX enzymes, reducing chronic inflammation associated with cancer progression. Bisabolol enhances the penetration of active ingredients into the skin and promotes keratinocyte repair. Apigenin suppresses melanoma cell proliferation by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling. Effective for melanoma and SCC, as well as reducing inflammation in precancerous lesions.

Carrot Seed: Contains carotol, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. Carotenoids repair UV-induced DNA damage by enhancing nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways and reducing ROS levels. Beta-carotene prevents abnormal keratinocyte differentiation and supports collagen synthesis. Carrot seed oil is useful for actinic keratosis, SCC, and BCC, promoting skin resilience and preventing lesion progression.

Clary Sage: Contains linalyl acetate and sclareol, which exhibit anti-cancer properties by inducing apoptosis in abnormal cells. Sclareol enhances mitochondrial dysfunction in cancerous cells, leading to apoptosis. Linalyl acetate reduces inflammation and promotes dermal cell renewal. Effective for melanoma and BCC, it helps mitigate chronic inflammation and cellular mutations.

Clove Bud: Rich in eugenol, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound. Eugenol reduces ROS production, inhibits angiogenesis, and selectively induces apoptosis in melanoma cells by modulating mitochondrial pathways. It also prevents SCC progression by targeting NF-kB activation. Useful for melanoma, SCC, and BCC, clove bud oil provides both direct cytotoxic effects and prevention of tumor angiogenesis.

Cypress: Contains alpha-pinene and delta-3-carene, which reduce oxidative stress and enhance tissue repair. Alpha-pinene modulates TGF-β pathways, preventing abnormal cell proliferation. Delta-3-carene promotes detoxification of carcinogens in UV-exposed cells. Effective for actinic keratosis, BCC, and SCC, cypress oil supports collagen synthesis and reduces chronic irritation.

Eucalyptus: Rich in cineole (eucalyptol), which provides anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulating properties. Cineole reduces IL-1β and TNF-α levels, promoting healing in cancer-prone lesions. Eucalyptus oil is effective for BCC and SCC, as it enhances immune surveillance and reduces inflammation in precancerous skin.

Fennel (Sweet): Contains anethole and estragole, which offer estrogen-modulating and anti-inflammatory effects. Anethole suppresses UV-induced DNA mutations and supports keratinocyte repair. Effective for SCC and actinic keratosis, fennel oil reduces chronic inflammation and protects against carcinogenesis in hormone-sensitive skin cancers.

Frankincense: Contains boswellic acids (alpha- and beta-boswellic acid), sesquiterpenes, and monoterpenes. Boswellic acids inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), reducing leukotriene production and tumor growth. Frankincense induces apoptosis in melanoma and SCC cells by activating caspase-3 and suppressing NF-kB. Effective for melanoma, SCC, and BCC, it reduces tumor vascularization and promotes immune modulation.

Geranium: Contains citronellol and geraniol, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. Geraniol exhibits cytotoxic effects on SCC and melanoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Geranium oil is effective for SCC, melanoma, and actinic keratosis, promoting healing and reducing oxidative stress.

Ginger: Contains gingerol, shogaol, and zingiberene, which have strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Gingerol inhibits NF-kB and STAT3 pathways, reducing tumor progression and oxidative damage. Effective for melanoma, BCC, and SCC, ginger oil enhances circulation, promoting immune surveillance and skin repair.

Lavender: Contains linalool and linalyl acetate, which provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Lavender oil reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and supports keratinocyte regeneration. It exhibits mild cytotoxic effects on abnormal cells, making it effective for actinic keratosis and BCC, as well as soothing inflammation in cancer-prone areas.

Lemon: Contains limonene, a potent antioxidant that scavenges ROS and enhances DNA repair mechanisms. Limonene also suppresses abnormal melanocyte proliferation and inhibits tumor growth by targeting oncogenic pathways. Effective for melanoma, BCC, and SCC, lemon oil supports detoxification and collagen synthesis.

Lemongrass: High in citral, which has detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative effects. Citral induces apoptosis in SCC and melanoma cells by modulating mitochondrial activity. Effective for SCC, melanoma, and actinic keratosis, lemongrass oil supports tissue repair and reduces inflammation.

Myrrh: Contains sesquiterpenes and terpenoids, which exhibit cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. Myrrh reduces chronic inflammation and enhances tissue repair by suppressing TNF-α and IL-6. Effective for SCC, BCC, and actinic keratosis, it promotes healing and prevents abnormal cell proliferation.

Palmarosa: Contains geraniol, which hydrates the skin and supports cellular elasticity. Geraniol induces apoptosis in SCC cells and prevents oxidative DNA damage in keratinocytes. Effective for actinic keratosis and SCC, Palmarosa oil helps repair damaged skin and reduces inflammation.

Peppermint: Contains menthol, which provides cooling and anti-inflammatory effects. Menthol reduces IL-1β and TNF-α levels, soothing irritated skin and preventing secondary infections in cancer lesions. Effective for BCC and SCC, peppermint oil supports tissue repair and reduces chronic irritation.

Rosemary: Contains carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid. Carnosic acid inhibits lipid peroxidation, reducing mutagenesis and protecting keratinocytes from UV damage. Rosmarinic acid has anti-cancer properties by enhancing DNA repair and inhibiting MAPK signaling. Effective for BCC, SCC, and melanoma, rosemary oil supports skin health and reduces free radical damage.

Tea Tree: Contains terpinen-4-ol, alpha-terpineol, and cineole. Terpinen-4-ol disrupts cancer cell membranes and selectively induces apoptosis. Tea tree oil reduces IL-6 and TNF-α, which are critical in tumor microenvironment progression. Effective for BCC, SCC, and actinic keratosis, it provides antimicrobial and wound-healing benefits.

Thyme (Red): High in thymol, which has strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Thymol reduces inflammation and promotes apoptosis in SCC and melanoma cells. Effective for SCC, melanoma, and actinic keratosis, thyme oil protects against oxidative damage and secondary infections.

Yarrow: Contains azulenes, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids. Azulenes soothe irritated skin, while sesquiterpene lactones induce apoptosis by activating p53 pathways in cancer cells. Effective for BCC, SCC, and melanoma, yarrow oil reduces inflammation and promotes skin repair.

Other

DMSO: Contains dimethyl sulfoxide. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and transdermal carrier. DMSO enhances the absorption of active ingredients into deeper skin layers, increasing therapeutic efficacy. Scavenges free radicals, reducing oxidative stress in dermal cells. Enhances apoptosis of abnormal cells by disrupting membrane stability.

MSM: Contains methylsulfonylmethane. Supplies bioavailable sulfur, essential for collagen synthesis and reducing inflammation in the dermal matrix. Inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Promotes the structural integrity of connective tissues affected by neoplastic changes.