Swelling and Circulation Creams 100ml

Circulation & Swelling

Circulation refers to the continuous movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to various tissues and organs while removing waste products. Efficient circulation is vital for maintaining overall health, as it ensures proper oxygenation and nourishment of cells throughout the body.

Swelling, also known as edema, is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues, leading to an increase in volume. It can occur due to various reasons, such as injury, inflammation, or underlying health conditions. Swelling is often accompanied by symptoms like redness, warmth, and pain, and addressing it is crucial for relieving discomfort and promoting optimal tissue function.

What causes circulation problems?

Circulation problems can be caused by various factors, impacting the normal flow of blood through the arteries, veins, and capillaries. Some common causes include

• Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaques in the arteries can narrow or block blood vessels, restricting blood flow.
• Blood Clots: Clots can form in the blood vessels, hindering the smooth flow of blood.
• Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): A condition where arteries that supply blood to the limbs become narrowed, reducing blood flow.
• Heart Conditions: Conditions like heart disease, heart failure, or irregular heartbeats can affect blood circulation.
• Diabetes: High blood sugar levels in diabetes can damage blood vessels, leading to circulation problems.
• High Blood Pressure: Hypertension can strain blood vessels and contribute to circulation issues.
• Smoking: Tobacco use can damage blood vessels and contribute to atherosclerosis.
• Obesity: Excess body weight can lead to conditions like atherosclerosis and diabetes, affecting circulation.
• Raynaud’s Disease: A condition causing blood vessels to constrict excessively, reducing blood flow to certain areas.
• Blood Disorders: Conditions affecting blood composition, such as anemia or sickle cell disease, can impact circulation.
• Vascular Infections: Infections affecting blood vessels can disrupt normal blood flow.

It’s essential to address the underlying cause of circulation problems to effectively manage and improve blood flow throughout the body.

What causes swelling?

Swelling, also known as edema, can be caused by various factors that result in the accumulation of fluid in tissues. Common causes of swelling include

• Injury or Trauma: Damaged blood vessels can leak fluid into surrounding tissues, causing swelling.
• Inflammation: Inflammatory responses to injury, infection, or chronic conditions can lead to localized swelling.
• Infections: Bacterial or viral infections can cause swelling as part of the body’s immune response.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to foods, insect bites, or certain medications can trigger swelling as part of the body’s defense mechanism.
• Fluid Retention: Conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, or liver disease can result in fluid retention and generalized swelling.
• Hormonal Changes: Hormonal fluctuations, especially during pregnancy or menstruation, can lead to fluid retention and swelling.
• Lymphedema: Blockage or damage to the lymphatic system can result in the accumulation of fluid and swelling.
• Venous Insufficiency: Poor functioning of veins can cause fluid buildup in the legs and ankles, leading to swelling.
• Blood Clots: Clots can impede normal blood flow, causing localized swelling.
• Certain Medications: Some medications may have side effects that include swelling.
• Underlying Health Conditions: Conditions such as arthritis or autoimmune diseases can contribute to chronic swelling.
• Prolonged Sitting or Standing: Long periods of immobility can hinder proper fluid circulation, resulting in swelling.

Understanding the underlying cause of swelling is crucial for appropriate treatment and management. If swelling persists or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation.

Venous Insufficiency

Venous insufficiency is a medical condition characterized by the inadequate functioning of the veins, particularly in the lower extremities. Veins play a crucial role in returning blood to the heart, aided by valves that prevent backward flow. In venous insufficiency, these valves become weakened or damaged, leading to difficulties in blood circulation. This condition is often associated with the following features:

• Swelling: Venous insufficiency can cause fluid to accumulate in the legs and ankles, resulting in swelling.
• Varicose Veins: Enlarged, twisted veins, known as varicose veins, may develop as a result of increased pressure in the veins.
• Pain and Aching: Individuals with venous insufficiency may experience pain or aching sensations, especially after prolonged periods of standing or sitting.
• Skin Changes: The skin over affected veins may become discoloured, and in severe cases, it may develop ulcers or sores.
• Itching and Tingling: Some people with venous insufficiency may experience itching or tingling sensations in the affected areas.
• Fatigue or Heaviness: Individuals may feel a sense of fatigue or heaviness in the legs.

Risk factors for venous insufficiency include age, family history, obesity, pregnancy, and a history of blood clots. While the condition may not always be preventable, lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise, leg elevation, and wearing compression stockings, can help manage symptoms.

The role of Bilberry supplement for venous insufficiency and vein health

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a fruit known for its potential benefits on vascular health, including addressing conditions like venous insufficiency. While scientific evidence is still evolving, bilberry is believed to contribute to vascular well-being through several mechanisms

• Venous Insufficiency: Bilberry contains anthocyanins, antioxidants that may have anti-inflammatory properties. These properties could potentially support the reduction of inflammation in blood vessels, including veins. Improved vascular health may contribute to addressing issues related to venous insufficiency, such as weakened vein walls and faulty valves.
• Blood-Brain Barrier: Some studies suggest that the antioxidants in bilberry, particularly anthocyanins, may have a protective effect on the blood-brain barrier. A robust blood-brain barrier is crucial for preventing the entry of harmful substances into the brain and maintaining its overall health.
• Leaky Gut and Leaky Brain: The potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of bilberry may extend to the gut. While more research is needed, maintaining gut health is interconnected with overall well-being, and bilberry’s properties might play a role in addressing issues related to “leaky gut.” Similarly, by supporting the blood-brain barrier, bilberry could indirectly contribute to addressing concerns related to “leaky brain.”
• Valves in the Body: Beyond the vascular system, the supportive properties of bilberry may extend to other valves in the body. This could include heart valves and valves in lymphatic vessels. Strengthening these valves is essential for maintaining proper circulation and preventing issues associated with valve dysfunction.

While these potential benefits are promising, it’s crucial to interpret them cautiously. Individual responses can vary, and more research is needed to establish definitive conclusions. If considering bilberry or any supplement for specific health concerns, consulting with a healthcare professional is advised to ensure safety and appropriateness for individual health needs.

What happens in the body that we have edema?

Edema is the medical term for swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid in body tissues. The path leading to edema involves a disruption in the balance of fluid movement between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues. Here’s a simplified explanation:

• Capillary Filtration: Blood circulates through the body’s blood vessels, including tiny capillaries. Capillaries have permeable walls that allow nutrients, oxygen, and fluids to move between the bloodstream and tissues.
• Fluid Exchange: Normally, there is a balance between the forces that push fluid out of the capillaries (hydrostatic pressure) and the forces that pull fluid back into the capillaries (osmotic pressure). This balance ensures that the right amount of fluid is exchanged.
• Lymphatic (System): Excess fluid that doesn’t re-enter the capillaries is usually drained by the lymphatic system, a network of vessels that help maintain fluid balance. The lymphatic system carries this excess fluid, along with waste products, away from tissues.
• Edema Formation: Edema occurs when there’s an imbalance in these processes. This can be due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, decreased osmotic pressure, impaired lymphatic drainage, or a combination of these factors. As a result, more fluid accumulates in the tissues, leading to swelling.

Common causes of edema include heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease, venous insufficiency, inflammation, and certain medications. It’s important to address the underlying cause of edema for effective management.

The role of diabetes and the process in swelling and circulation problems, especially in the legs and feet

Diabetes can contribute to swelling and circulation problems, particularly in the legs and feet, through several mechanisms

• Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD): Diabetes increases the risk of PAD, a condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the extremities. Reduced blood supply to the legs and feet can lead to poor circulation, contributing to swelling.
• Microvascular Complications: Diabetes can damage the small blood vessels, known as capillaries, which are crucial for nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues. Microvascular complications can impair circulation and contribute to fluid retention, leading to swelling.
• Neuropathy: Diabetic neuropathy, a common complication, affects the nerves in the legs and feet. Nerve damage can disrupt normal sensation and control over blood vessel function. This dysfunction may contribute to impaired circulation and fluid balance, leading to swelling.
• Inflammation: Diabetes is associated with chronic inflammation, which can affect blood vessel function. Inflammation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, impairing the ability of blood vessels to regulate fluid movement and increasing the risk of swelling.
• Heart and Kidney Involvement: Diabetes can impact the heart and kidneys, key organs involved in circulatory regulation. Heart conditions and kidney disease, common complications of diabetes, can further exacerbate circulation problems and contribute to swelling.
• Infections and Ulcers: Reduced circulation and compromised immune function in diabetes increase the risk of infections and ulcers in the legs and feet. Inflammatory responses to these issues can lead to localized swelling.

Managing diabetes through blood sugar control, regular exercise, a healthy diet, and medication can help mitigate these complications. Additionally, lifestyle modifications and close monitoring of leg and foot health are essential to prevent and address swelling and circulation issues in individuals with diabetes. Regular medical check-ups and early intervention are crucial for optimal outcomes.

Inflammation and the role it plays in swelling and circulation throughout the body

Inflammation is a complex biological response triggered by the body’s immune system in response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, injuries, or damaged cells. While inflammation is a crucial part of the body’s defense mechanism to eliminate threats and initiate the healing process, chronic or uncontrolled inflammation can contribute to swelling and circulation issues throughout the body.

• Blood Vessel Permeability: Inflammation can lead to increased permeability of blood vessels, allowing fluids, proteins, and immune cells to move from the bloodstream into the surrounding tissues. This increased permeability can result in localized swelling as fluid accumulates in the affected area.
• Impaired Blood Flow: Inflammatory mediators can affect the function of blood vessels, leading to vasoconstriction or vasodilation. This alteration in blood vessel function can disrupt normal blood flow, contributing to circulation problems.
• Formation of Edema: Edema, or the accumulation of excess fluid in tissues, is a common outcome of inflammation. Inflammatory responses can lead to the release of molecules that promote fluid retention and hinder proper fluid drainage, contributing to edema and swelling.
• Impact on Circulatory (System): Chronic inflammation is associated with endothelial dysfunction, affecting the inner lining of blood vessels. This dysfunction can impair the regulation of blood flow and contribute to circulatory issues, including reduced perfusion of tissues.
• Systemic Effects: Inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, can have systemic effects on the entire body, influencing various organs and systems, including the cardiovascular system. Systemic inflammation may contribute to widespread circulatory challenges.
• Interaction with Immune Response: Inflammation and the immune response are closely interconnected. Chronic inflammation can lead to immune system dysregulation, further exacerbating the inflammatory process and potentially contributing to persistent swelling and circulatory issues.

Managing inflammation involves addressing underlying causes, such as infections or chronic conditions, and adopting lifestyle measures that promote anti-inflammatory effects. A balanced diet, regular exercise, stress management, and, in some cases, medication can help control inflammation and mitigate its impact on swelling and circulation throughout the body. It’s essential to consult with healthcare professionals for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.

Ingredients which are traditionally used for this disorder
Technical info:

Herbs:

Aloe: Aloe vera, derived from the Aloe barbadensis miller plant, contains bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids), and aloin. Its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties make it effective in soothing haemorrhoids, reducing swelling, and promoting immune response. Aloe also facilitates wound healing, coagulation, and acidity balance.

Bilberry: Bilberry, with its active compound anthocyanins, aids in healing bruises and addressing pain, swelling, and edema. It supports circulation, making it beneficial for varicose veins. Additionally, it exhibits properties that may help regulate uric acid levels.

Butchers Broom: Butchers Broom improves vein circulation and contains Ruscogenin, recognized for its anti-inflammatory effects on swollen tissue. It addresses symptoms such as swollen ankles, itching, burning sensation, and general swelling. The plant also contains flavonoids that contribute to its therapeutic properties.

Celery Seeds: Celery seeds, acting as a diuretic, promote the excretion of excess fluids. They contain apigenin, luteolin, flavonoids, and volatile oils (limonene). These constituents contribute to anti-inflammatory effects, aiding in fluid balance and reducing swelling. Celery seeds may also have benefits in cases of acidity, fungal infections, tumors, gout, and uric acid imbalances.

Chamomile: Chamomile, an analgesic with anti-inflammatory properties, aids in ulcer healing, tissue regeneration, and has anti-parasitic and anti-infection qualities. It contains chamazulene, bisabolol, and flavonoids, contributing to its calming and therapeutic effects. These constituents make chamomile effective in alleviating allergies and promoting skin health.

Dandelion: Dandelion addresses water retention, acting as a natural diuretic. It is beneficial for swollen feet caused by fluid accumulation and may contribute to overall skin health. Dandelion contains taraxacin, sesquiterpene lactones, and flavonoids, which contribute to diuretic effects, aiding in fluid balance and reducing swelling.

Devil’s Claw: Devil’s Claw is known for its effectiveness in managing muscular pain, aches, and symptoms associated with uric acid imbalances. It contains harpagoside and iridoid glycosides, which exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to pain relief and addressing symptoms associated with swelling.

Geranium: Geranium addresses swelling and varicose veins. It supports detoxification by increasing urination and triggers blood clotting for wound healing. It also has a positive impact on skin health, addressing sagging wrinkles and swelling/pain of feet from standing. Geranium contains geraniol, citronellol, and tannins, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory and astringent properties.

Gotu-kola: Gotu-kola stabilizes the tissue that supports veins, contributing to overall vein health and elasticity. It contains triterpenoids (asiaticoside, madecassoside), asiatic acid, and asiaticoside, which support connective tissue health and vein stability.

Grape Seed Oil: Grape Seed Oil is beneficial for vein health, promoting elasticity and reducing fluid leakage that contributes to leg swelling. It contains polyphenols (proanthocyanidins) and fatty acids (linoleic acid), which contribute to its moisturizing and antioxidant properties.

Hawthorn: Hawthorn addresses edema and improves vascular tone and urine output. It has a positive impact on cardiovascular health. Hawthorn contains flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside) and oligomeric procyanidins, which contribute to its therapeutic effects on circulation and cardiovascular health.

Horse Chestnut: Horse Chestnut addresses swollen tissue and provides warming effects for blood flow around strains and sprains. It reduces fluid outflow into surrounding tissues, benefiting conditions like leg edema. Horse Chestnut contains aescin (escin) and flavonoids, which exhibit anti-edematous effects and promote vein health.

Horsetail: Horsetail acts as a diuretic, increasing the excretion of extra fluids. It is beneficial for wounds, bleeding, and acidity balance. Horsetail contains silicic acid and flavonoids, which contribute to its diuretic effects and support fluid balance.

Hydrangea Root: Hydrangea Root addresses water-related issues, breaks down stones and kidney stones, and has a soapy action that dissolves calcium deposits. It prevents unwanted calcification in soft tissues. Hydrangea Root contains saponins and hydrangin, which contribute to its diuretic effects and prevent unwanted calcification.

Juniper: Juniper addresses conditions like gout, arthritis, and neuralgia. It acts as a diuretic, stimulating kidney activity to eliminate excess fluid internally. Juniper contains monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, myrcene) and flavonoids, contributing to its therapeutic effects on circulation and detoxification.

Lavender: Lavender addresses fluid retention, varicose ulcers, and contains lactic acid (has camphor in its leaves). Its camphor content contributes to its anti-inflammatory and soothing effects on swelling. Lavender also contains essential oils with constituents like linalool and linalyl acetate, contributing to its calming and therapeutic properties.

Stinging Nettle: Stinging Nettle addresses edema and pain by stimulating kidneys to excrete fluids from the body. It contains compounds such as histamine, serotonin, and formic acid, which contribute to its diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Walnut: Walnut addresses sweaty hands & feet and swelling of bone, along with festering eczema. It contains juglone and tannins, which contribute to its astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.

Witch Hazel: Witch Hazel addresses swollen feet, swelling, bruising, and pain with its anti-inflammatory properties. It contains tannins, gallic acid, and essential oils, contributing to its astringent and soothing effects.

Yarrow: Yarrow stops bleeding, breaks up congealed/stagnant blood, increases circulation, and helps the body rid itself of excess fluid. It also has anti-inflammatory properties, aiding in wound healing. Yarrow contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils, contributing to its therapeutic effects on circulation and wound healing.

Oils

Aloe: Aloe vera oil, derived from the Aloe barbadensis miller plant, is rich in bioactive compounds like polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Its anti-inflammatory properties aid in reducing swelling, while its wound-healing effects support skin health and may contribute to improved circulation.

Baobab: Baobab oil, extracted from Adansonia digitata seeds, is rich in oleic and linoleic fatty acids, along with vitamins A, D, E, and F. These components impart moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially reducing swelling and supporting skin health, ultimately contributing to improved circulation.

Calendula: Calendula oil, obtained from Calendula officinalis flowers, contains triterpenoids, flavonoids, and carotenoids. Its anti-inflammatory effects may help reduce swelling, promoting overall skin health and supporting improved circulation.

Castor Oil: Castor oil, derived from Ricinus communis seeds, contains ricinoleic acid and triglycerides. With moisturizing and anti-inflammatory properties, it aids in reducing swelling and supporting skin health, potentially contributing to improved circulation.

Evening Primrose: Evening Primrose oil, obtained from Oenothera biennis seeds, is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). Its anti-inflammatory and skin-nourishing properties may help reduce swelling and support improved circulation.

Grapeseed: Grapeseed oil, extracted from Vitis vinifera seeds, contains polyphenols, linoleic acid, and antioxidants. These components contribute to moisturizing and antioxidant effects, potentially reducing swelling and supporting overall skin health, leading to improved circulation.

Hemp Seed: Hemp seed oil, derived from Cannabis sativa seeds, is rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Its moisturizing and anti-inflammatory effects may aid in reducing swelling and supporting overall skin health, potentially contributing to improved circulation.

Jojoba: Jojoba oil, derived from Simmondsia chinensis seeds, closely resembles skin sebum, providing excellent moisturizing properties. Containing fatty acids, vitamin E, and minerals, it supports skin health, potentially aiding in the reduction of swelling and contributing to improved circulation.

Rosehip: Rosehip oil, extracted from Rosa canina seeds, is rich in essential fatty acids, vitamin C, and antioxidants. Known for its skin-rejuvenating and anti-aging properties, it may contribute to improved skin health and circulation.

Sweet Almond: Sweet Almond oil, obtained from Prunus dulcis seeds, contains oleic acid, linoleic acid, and vitamins (E, A, D). With moisturizing and emollient properties, it supports skin health, potentially aiding in the reduction of swelling and contributing to improved circulation.

Essential Oils

Benzoin: Benzoin essential oil, extracted from Styrax benzoin resin, contains benzoic acid and benzyl cinnamate. With aromatic and potential anti-inflammatory properties, it enhances the sensory experience of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Bergamot: Bergamot essential oil, sourced from Citrus bergamia fruit peel, contains compounds like limonene and linalool. Its citrusy aroma and potential anti-anxiety effects contribute to overall well-being, potentially supporting improved circulation.

Black Pepper: Black Pepper essential oil, derived from Piper nigrum fruits, contains piperine. With its warm and spicy aroma and potential anti-inflammatory properties, it enhances the sensory experience of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Carrot: Carrot essential oil, obtained from Daucus carota seeds, is rich in carotol and beta-carotene. Known for its skin-rejuvenating and antioxidant properties, it contributes to overall skin health and may support improved circulation.

Cedarwood: Cedarwood essential oil, extracted from various Cedrus species, contains cedrol. With its woody aroma and potential insect-repelling properties, it enhances the overall sensory profile of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Celery Seed: Celery Seed essential oil, derived from Apium graveolens seeds, contains limonene and sedanolide. With its herbal aroma and potential anti-inflammatory effects, it contributes to the sensory experience of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Chamomile: Chamomile essential oil, sourced from Matricaria chamomilla flowers, contains chamazulene and bisabolol. With calming and anti-inflammatory properties, it enhances the soothing qualities of the cream, potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Cinnamon: Cinnamon essential oil, extracted from Cinnamomum verum bark, contains cinnamaldehyde. With a warm and spicy aroma and potential antimicrobial properties, it contributes to the sensory experience of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Cypress: Cypress essential oil, obtained from Cupressus sempervirens leaves, contains alpha-pinene and camphene. With a woody aroma and potential respiratory benefits, it enhances the sensory profile of the cream while indirectly supporting circulation.

Dill: Dill essential oil, from Anethum graveolens seeds, contains carvone and limonene. With a herbal aroma, it adds a refreshing element to the cream. Its potential digestive benefits may indirectly support overall health and circulation.

Eucalyptus: Eucalyptus essential oil, extracted from various Eucalyptus species, contains eucalyptol. With a refreshing aroma and potential respiratory benefits, it contributes to the invigorating qualities of the cream while indirectly supporting circulation.

Galbanum: Galbanum essential oil, from Ferula galbaniflua resin, contains pinene and cadinene. Known for its green and earthy aroma, it adds a unique element to the fragrance, enhancing the overall sensory experience of the cream.

Geranium: Geranium essential oil, obtained from Pelargonium graveolens leaves, contains geraniol and citronellol. With a floral aroma and potential skin-balancing properties, it contributes to the overall sensory experience of the cream while potentially supporting skin health and circulation.

Ginger: Ginger essential oil, derived from Zingiber officinale rhizomes, contains gingerol. With its warm and spicy aroma and potential digestive benefits, it adds a comforting element to the cream while indirectly supporting overall health and circulation.

Grapefruit: Grapefruit essential oil, sourced from Citrus paradisi fruit peel, contains limonene. With its citrusy aroma and potential mood-boosting properties, it contributes to the refreshing qualities of the cream while indirectly supporting overall well-being and circulation.

Helichrysum: Helichrysum essential oil, extracted from Helichrysum italicum flowers, contains italidiones and curcumene. With a herbal and earthy aroma and potential skin-rejuvenating properties, it adds a luxurious element to the cream while supporting skin health and circulation.

Hyssop: Hyssop essential oil, from Hyssopus officinalis leaves, contains pinocamphone. With its herbal aroma and potential respiratory benefits, it contributes to the overall sensory experience of the cream while indirectly supporting circulation.

Juniper: Juniper essential oil, derived from Juniperus communis berries, contains alpha-pinene. With its woody and earthy aroma and potential detoxifying properties, it enhances the overall fragrance of the cream while indirectly supporting circulation.

Lavender: Lavender essential oil, sourced from Lavandula angustifolia flowers, contains linalool and linalyl acetate. With its floral aroma and potential calming properties, it adds a soothing element to the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Lemon Balm: Lemon Balm essential oil, obtained from Melissa officinalis leaves, contains citronellal and geranial. With a citrusy and herbal aroma and potential calming properties, it contributes to the overall sensory experience of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Lemon Grass: Lemon Grass essential oil, from Cymbopogon citratus leaves, contains citral. With its citrusy aroma and potential insect-repelling properties, it enhances the overall fragrance of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Marjoram: Marjoram essential oil, extracted from Origanum majorana leaves, contains terpinen-4-ol. With its herbal aroma and potential calming properties, it adds a comforting element to the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Parsley: Parsley essential oil, derived from Petroselinum crispum seeds, contains myristicin. With its herbal aroma, it contributes to the overall sensory experience of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Peppermint: Peppermint essential oil, sourced from Mentha × piperita leaves, contains menthol. With its minty aroma and potential digestive and respiratory benefits, it adds a refreshing element to the cream while indirectly supporting overall health and circulation.

Rosemary: Rosemary essential oil, obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, contains 1,8-cineole. With its herbal aroma and potential cognitive benefits, it contributes to the overall sensory profile of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Thyme: Thyme essential oil, from Thymus vulgaris leaves, contains thymol. With its herbal aroma and potential antimicrobial properties, it enhances the overall fragrance of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation.

Wintergreen: Wintergreen essential oil, derived from Gaultheria procumbens leaves, contains methyl salicylate. With its sweet and minty aroma and potential anti-inflammatory properties, it contributes to the overall sensory experience of the cream while indirectly supporting skin health and circulation